Genus Chondrostoma
Agassiz, 1832

The nases are found from the Iberian Peninsula and France to the Caspian and Tigris-Euphrates basins. There are about 26 species of which 2 are known for Iran (Elvira, 1997). Chondrochylus Heckel, 1843 and Chondrochilus Heckel, 1843 are synonyms. Eschmeyer (1990) gives the year of publication for the genus as 1832 as opposed to other authors who give 1835 (e.g. Berg, 1948-1949; Reshetnikov et al., 1997). Doadrio and Carmona (2004) confirm the monophyly of the genus based on the cytochrome b gene with vicariant events accounting for distribution of taxa better than a dispersalist model. Middle East taxa belong to a single lineage with the more differentiated and basal species in the Caucasus and Mesopotamia, having been isolated in the Upper Miocene-Pliocene.

This genus is characterised by being of moderate size, with a somewhat compressed body, scales of moderate to small size (44-106 in the lateral line (Robalo et al. (2007) give a range of 52-78 for their more restricted genus)), scales squarish with radii in the anterior and posterior fields and a subcentral anterior focus, no barbels, an inferior and transverse or crescentic mouth with a cutting edge to the lower jaw, thin upper lip and no lower lip, pharyngeal teeth knife-like and in 1 row with a high count (5, 6 or 7, the same number on each arch or one more on the left), gill rakers short and moderately numerous (up to 40), short dorsal fin without a thickened ray opposite the pelvic fins, 7-10 dorsal fin branched rays, a moderately elongate anal fin with 8-12 branched rays, deeply forked caudal fin and usually concave dorsal and anal fins, a pelvic axillary process always present, 42-49 vertebrae, a black peritoneum, and a long, coiled gut. Elvira (1997) and Robalo et al. (2007) give osteological characters.

Bogutskaya (1997a) places the nominal Iranian species, C. regium and C. orientalis, in a group characterised by a straight or only slightly arched mouth cleft, high vertebral counts (total vertebrae modes 45-47 and abdominal modes 26-28) and often or commonly 4 unbranched rays in the dorsal fin.

Chondrostoma cyri
Kessler, 1877

Common names

shekamsiah-e Aras.

[Kur altagizi in Azerbaijan; chernobryushka or blackbelly, Kurinskii podust or Kura nase, uzkotelii Kurinskii podust, all in Russian; Kura undermouth, Kura nase].

Systematics

Earlier works by Elvira (1986; 1988; 1991) placed this species as a subspecies of C. oxyrhynchum but in Elvira (1997), using the phylogenetic species concept and following the studies of Smirnov (1992), this taxon is recognised as a species. C. oxyrhynchum is then found in more northerly rivers of the western Caspian Sea basin remote from Iranian waters. C. cyri orientalis (Bianco and Banarescu, 1982 is described from Fars (see below under C. regium).

Chondrostoma cyri Kessler, 1877 was described from the Kura River, Tiflis (= Tbilisi), Georgia and Chondrostoma oxyrhynchum from the Kuma River near Georgiyevsk, Russia in the Caspian Sea basin.

Alburnus alasanicus Kamenskii, 1901 described in part from the Alasan, Alazan' or Alazani River, a left bank Kura River tributary in Georgia, Chondrostoma schmidti, Berg, 1910 from the Alazan' River at Naporiri, and Chondrostoma leptosoma Berg, 1914 from the Kars-tchai, a tributary of the Aras River in Turkey, the Aras by Kopri-kei, near Erzurum, Turkey, and the lower Aras at Karadonly and Dzhulfa in the former U.S.S.R., are synonyms. Subspecies are not recognised (Elvira, 1991; 1997). C. leptosoma was founded on an elongate form from the Karasu in the Aras River basin.

Two syntypes of Chondrostoma cyri are also in ZISP (10919) from "Tiflis" collected by Kessler in September 1875. A syntype of Chondrostoma oxyrhynchum is in the Zoological Institute, St. Petersburg (ZISP 2881) from "Fl. Sunsha" collected in 1830 by Ménétries. According to Elvira (1988), the type locality is Kuma R. at Georgijewsk and 2 syntypes are under ZISP 10922. Another syntype of Chondrostoma oxyrhynchum is in the Natural History Museum, London (BM(NH) 1897.7.5:28 (184.8 mm standard length), formerly in ZISP, as is other syntype of Chondrostoma cyri (BM(NH) 1897.7.5:27 (correctly numbered 27, 78.4 mm standard length), formerly in ZISP)(Elvira, 1988; personal observations).

Five syntypes of Chondrostoma leptosoma are in the Zoological Institute, St. Petersburg (ZISP 9098) according to (Elvira, 1988) but there are 15 syntypes under this number from the "Reka Araks", 1888, Warpochowsky as well as additional material listed as syntypes with numbers ZISP 9107 ("Fl. Araxes", 1888, Warpochowsky, 12 fish), ZISP 5180 ("Kars-tschai", 1879, Dr. A. Brandt, 3 fish), ZISP 9099 ("Reka Araks", 1888, Warpochowsky, 4 fish), ZISP 15264 ("Reka Araks", 20.III.1911, 2 fish), and ZISP 15516 ("Reka Araks near settlement Djulfa", 17.VI.1911, 13 fish).

Key characters

This species is the only one in its genus in northern Iran and can be recognised by generic characters.

Morphology

Kuru (1981) gives the following meristic characters for 103 specimens from the Aras and Kura river basins in Turkey:- 10-12 dorsal fin rays, 10-11 anal fin rays, 9-10 pelvic fin rays, 9-15 pectoral fin rays, 52-62 lateral line scales, 13-18 scales around the caudal peduncle, 17-32 gill rakers, and 5-6 pharyngeal teeth on each arch (note that the statistical treatment in this paper is in error and the conclusion that species of Chondrostoma in Turkey are not distinct is therefore incorrect). There is clinal variation in scale numbers, the number increasing from south to north and Elvira (1988; 1991) gives the total range for characters of this species as dorsal fin branched rays 7-9, usually 8, anal fin branched rays 8-10, usually 9-10, pectoral fin branched rays 13-18, usually 14-16, pelvic fin branched rays 7-8, usually 8, lateral line scales 50-68 (to 73 in Kazancheev (1981) and from 48 in Chikova (1967)), scales above the lateral line 7-10, usually 8-10, scales below the lateral line 3-6, usually 4-6, pharyngeal teeth 6-5 or 5-5, more rarely 6-6 and mode 6-5, and gill rakers 21-29. Vertebrae number 43-45.

The mouth is arched with a thin horny layer on the lower jaw. Scales are rounded in overall shape with indentations above and below a central, rounded protuberance on the anterior margin. The anterior margin may be wavy. There are few anterior and posterior radii, few circuli and a subcentral anterior focus. There is a pelvic axillary scale. The gill rakers are short and reach the one below or just past it when appressed. Pharyngeal teeth are compressed and thin but deep with a long, thin and concave grinding surface. Teeth tips may be slightly hooked. The gut has numerous anterior loops.

Thirteen specimens from Djulfa (presumably in Azerbaijan opposite the Iranian town across the Aras River) have dorsal fin branched rays 8(12) or 9(1), anal fin branched rays 9(9) or 10(4), and pharyngeal teeth 6-5(5) or 6-6(1).

Sexual dimorphism

Unknown.

Colour

The flanks are silvery but may have dark pigment spots which may, or may not, form a stripe. Paired fins are orange to reddish and median fins grey. The dorsal and caudal fins have dark margins. The peritoneum is black.

Size

Reaches 25.8 cm standard length.

Distribution

Found in the rivers draining to the western coast of the Caspian Sea from the Kuma River in the north southward to the Kura and Aras river basins in the south. Recorded from the Aras River basin of Iran (Abdoli, 2000).

Zoogeography

This genus has a European and Middle Eastern distribution. Its relationships to other taxa are poorly known.

Habitat

Unknown. Found principally in streams and rivers.

Age and growth

Fish are mature at 2 years of age and life span is at least 5 years.

Food

Diet is assumed to consist of bottom organisms including aquatic insect larvae, detritus and vegetation scraped from the substrate.

Reproduction

Up to 16,217 eggs are produced and maximum diameter is 1.69 mm. The spawning season is in the spring, peaking in April in the Kura River basin (Abdurakhmanov, 1962).

Parasites and predators

None reported from Iran.

Economic importance

None.

Conservation

Kiabi et al. (1999) consider this species to be conservation dependent, in the south Caspian Sea basin according to IUCN criteria. Criteria include sport fishing, possibly few in numbers, limited range (less than 25% of water bodies), absent in other water bodies in Iran, absent outside the Caspian Sea basin.

Further work

Biology in Iranian waters needs study.

Sources

Morphology based on Bianco and Banarescu (1982), Elvira (1986; 1988), Nelva et al. (1988).

Type material: See above, Chondrostoma cyri (BM(NH) 1897.7.5:25, formerly in ZISP), Chondrostoma oxyrhynchum (BM(NH) 1897.7.5:28, formerly in ZISP), and Chondrostoma leptosoma (ZISP 15516).

Iranian material: None.

Comparative material: CMNFI 1980-0812, 2, 101.9-107.9 mm standard length, Turkey, Kars, Selim Çayi (40º28'N, 42º47'E).

Chondrostoma regium
(Heckel, 1843)

Common names

jokhorak, nazok, nazi; heif-e nan (= waste of bread, i.e. valueless) in Khuzestan; سياه ديم (= siah deem in Behbehan); سياه دم (= siah dom, meaning blacktail); كپور پوزه دار (= kapur puzeh dar).

[baloot muluki, pangki; zurri (= the harmful one) at Mosul (also used for Alburnus mossulensis, Aphanius spp., Gambusia and any small fishes or large fishes when young); terris or terris achmar meleki (= royal red terris) at Aleppo (= Haleb, Syria), all in Arabic; based on Heckel (1843b) for zurri and terris; king nase].

Systematics

Chondrochilus regius Heckel, 1843 described from the "Orontes" (= Asi) (but see below) and "Tigris" and probably Chondrostoma cyri orientalis Bianco and Banarescu, 1982 described from the "Pulwar River near Persepolis", are synonyms. Elvira (1988; 1991; 1997) considers Chondrostoma orientalis to be a valid species (in 1997 spelt orientale) while Nelva et al. (1988) retain it as a subspecies of C. cyri. Bianco and Banarescu (1982) placed orientalis in C. cyri on the basis of similar dorsal and anal fin ray counts, scale counts and to a certain degree pharyngeal tooth formula.

Banarescu (1960) regarded C. regium as only a race of a widespread species, C. nasus (Linnaeus, 1758). C. nasus has larger scales on average and 6-6 pharyngeal teeth (Berg, 1949); Heckel (1846-1849c) found 47 C. nasus from the Danube River had 6-6 teeth, 2 had 6-7 and 2 had 5-6 while in 13 C. regium the count was 7-6 in 12 fish and 6-6 in 1 fish. Krupp (1985c) considers C. regium to be distinct while recognising the small degree of morphological variation between species in this genus. Data gathered for Iran show a wide range in scale and teeth counts (see below). Ladiges (1960) identified specimens from the same bodies of water in Turkey as members of both species. The earlier literature on the systematics of this genus remain confused (see Elvira (1988) for comments on Ladiges (1966) and Kuru (1981)) and the morphology summarised here for this species does not adequately resolve the problem. There may well be significant variation of a clinal nature, altitude and temperature may be important, and habitat types (lentic or lotic) may affect body form. Most samples examined previously are too small in numbers and differences due to size and sex could not be adequately assessed.

Twelve syntypes of Chondrostoma regium are in the Naturhistorisches Museum Wien (7 fish as NMW 52532-52535 from the Quwayq (= Kueik) River near Aleppo and 5 fish as NMW 52536-52538 from the Tigris River near Mosul)(Elvira, 1988). Krupp (1985c) gives further details. All material was collected by Th. Kotschy in 1842 from the Quwayq and in 1843 from Mosul and the range in standard length for the fish from the Quwayq is 102-166 mm and from Mosul 11.9-24.1 cm. The Vienna catalogue lists only 6 fish but the card catalogue in 1997 lists NMW 52532 (2 fish), 52533 (2), 52534 (2), 52535 (1), 52536 (2), 52537 (1) and 52538 (2) as syntypes. The type locality "Orontes" (= Asi) in Heckel (1843b) seems to be an error.

The holotype (IZA 8170, 93.7 mm standard length, examined by me) and 19 paratypes (IZA 7833, 51 specimens under this number, 35.4-90.1 mm standard length) of Chondrostoma cyri orientalis are in the Istituto di Zoologia dell'Universitá di L'Aquila, Italy (Elvira, 1988). Two paratypes of Chondrostoma cyri orientalis are stored in the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago (FMNH 94519)(Ibarra and Stewart, 1987), 1 paratype is in the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris (1982-1014), 1 paratype is in the United States National Museum, Washington (USNM 227934), 2 paratypes are in the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia (ANSP 150985), and 6 paratypes are in the Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa (CMNFI 1982-0365, formerly IZA 7833, 37.8-88.7 mm standard length). The total number of paratypes is 75, originally under IZA 7833 but some dispersed as noted above, with 10 further fish in the Institutul de Stiinte Biologice, Bucurešti, Romania (ISBB) but uncatalogued (Bianco and Banarescu, 1982).

Key characters

This species is the only one in its genus in southern Iran and can be recognised by generic characters.

Morphology

The following counts are from literature sources; my counts in the table below often show a wider range: lateral line scales 56-72 (47-55 for orientalis), scales above the lateral line 9-13 (8-9 in orientalis), and scales below the lateral line 5-6 (4-5 in orientalis). Lateral line scale counts for Iranian fish are as follows: Tigris - 50(1), 51(4), 52(3), 53(12), 54(5), 55(7), 56(4), 57(4), 58(4), 59(8), 60(7), 61(6), 62(5), 63(3), 64(3), 65(1), 66(2), 67(1) or 69(2); Kor (= orientalis) - 49(1), 50(2), 51(3), 52(8), 53(3), 54(7), 55(3) or 57(4). Despite a lower range, the counts for the Kor River basin are matched by a sample from Cheshmeh Javari near Ravansar, Kermanshahan (CMNFI 1979-0287) which have a range of 50-58, leading to a supposition of altitudinal or habitat variation :-

Dorsal fin branched rays 8-11, mode 9 (note Bogutskaya (1997a) gives a mode of 10) (7-9, mostly 8 for orientalis), anal fin branched rays 9-12, mode 11 (note that Bogutskaya (1997a) gives modes of 11 or 12) (9-10, mode 9 for orientalis), pectoral fin rays 14-18, mostly 15-17 (13-15, mostly 14 in orientalis) and pelvic fin rays 6-9, mostly 8 (7-8, mostly 8 in orientalis). Gill rakers 18-36 (probably some lower counts are of rakers on the lower arch only and ranges in single studies, presumably to a consistent technique, are 22-34, 24-31, 25-34 and 25-36) (22-28, 22-30 or 28-32 by different authors for orientalis). Counts for the whole arch on Iranian fish give a wide range of 19-34, highly correlated with size, larger fish having more (or more discernible) rakers than smaller fish (r = 0.5049, p<0.001, n = 90).

Scale radii are few and restricted to the posterior field. Total vertebrae 46-48. Pharyngeal teeth 6-5, 6-6, 6-7, 7-5, 7-6 and 7-7, mode 6-6 or 7-6 (6-5, 6-6, 5-6 and 7-5, mostly 6-6 for orientalis) but see above. The mouth is straight (= transverse) with a thick horny layer on the lower jaw.

Meristics for Iranian specimens:

Locality/Dorsal Fin Branched Rays	7	8	9	10	x	S.D.
Tigris River Basin		35	46	1	8.6	0.520
Kor River Basin	1	30			8.0	0.180

Locality/Anal Fin Branched Rays	8	9	10	11	12	x	S.D.
Tigris River Basin	4	45	21	9	3	9.5	0.892
Kor River Basin		23	8			9.3	0.445

Locality/Pelvic Fin Rays	7	8	9	x	S.D.
Tigris River Basin	3	77	2	8.0	0.248
Kor River Basin	1	29	1	8.0	0.258

Locality/Lateral Line Scales	Range	x	S.D.
Tigris River Basin	50-69	57.8	4.553
Kor River Basin	49-57	53.2	2.131

Locality/Total Vertebrae	42	43	44	45	46	47	48	49	x	S.D.
Tigris River Basin	1	20	17	9	14	10	9	2	45.1	1.833
Kor River Basin	5	20	5	1					43.1	0.680

Sexual dimorphism

Unknown.

Colour

The back is olive-brown with bluish tinges and the flanks and belly are silvery-white. The dorsal and caudal fins are greyish and the other fins hyaline. Some fish have bright orange fins, the pectorals paler, the pelvics and anal fins fringed by white. The dorsal and caudal fins have a black margin, wide on the caudal. These fin colours give them a flag-like effect (Heckel, 1843b). The caudal fin can be orange, distally black, with the extreme edge white in freshly dead fish.

Size

Attains 40 cm and 1 kg.

Distribution

Found in the Tigris-Euphrates basin and the Mediterranean basins of southeastern Turkey and the northern Levant. In Iran found in the Tigris River and Kor River basins (the latter if C. orientalis is a synonym). Additional localities are springs (sarabs) near Kermanshah, the Marun River, the Hawr al Azim marsh (Wossughi, 1978; Abdoli, 2000). Ghorbani Chafi (2000) lists the Bazoft and Kuhrang rivers in the upper Karun River basin and also the Zayandeh River of the Esfahan basin.

Zoogeography

This genus has a European and Middle Eastern distribution. Its relationships to other taxa are poorly known.

Habitat

Found in both rivers and lakes (and reservoirs) but habitat requirements have not been studied in Iran. Ünlü (2006) reports that this species prefers stone grounds and still waters in rivers and lakes in Turkey.

Age and growth

Khalaf et al. (1986) studied this species in the Diyala River, Iraq. Maximum age group is 7+ years, males and females show no difference in weight at the same length and samples from three adjacent areas show no major differences in growth rates. Length-weight relationship was W = 0.0480 L2.49 (n = 255, r = 0.88). Males mature at 15.0 cm and females at 19.0 cm in the Diyala River at Rustamiyah in Iraq (Allouse et al., 1986). A population at Al Kadhmia north of Baghdad in the Tigris River had four age classes dominated by the three year age class, with all fish being sexually mature during the second year. Fish smaller than 15 cm for males and 17 cm for females were immature. The disparity in age structure with the Diyala River population was attributed to pollution in the Diyala (Daoud and Qasim, 1999).

Polat and Gümüş (1995) aged a population of this species in the Bafra Altınkaya Dam lake in Turkey using vertebrae, otoliths, scales, opercle and subopercle. Age reached 5, perhaps 6, years and scales were found to be the best structure to use. Polat et al. (1999) found a similar age range in the Suat Uğurlu Dam, Turkey with annulus (hyaline ring) formation in October to February. Oymak (2000) examined growth characteristics of this species in the Atatürk Dam on the Turkish Euphrates River. Eight age groups were found and age-length and age-weight equations given for females and males were L_t = 38.67[1-e^{-0.136126(t+3.073799)}], W_t = 527.52[1-e^{-0.136126(t+3.073799)}]^3.1986 and L_t = 35.01[1-e^{-0.168137(t+2.754214)}], W_t= 724.73[1-e^{-0.168137(t+2.754214)}]^3.2779 respectively. The length-weight relationships were obtained as Log W = -5.4153 + 3.1986 Log FL in females and Log W = -5.6212 + 3.2779 Log FL in males. The condition factor was high in age group 7 and high in April and May, lowest in December and January. Gümüş et al. (2002) found deposition of hyaline rings was synchronous with decrease in food diversity in autumn in the Suat Uğurlu Dam, Turkey. Aydin et al. (2004) demonstrated a positive linear relationship between otolith length and fish length for this species in Keban Dam Lake, Turkey.

Food

This species is omnivorous taking insect larvae and eggs and fry of other fishes. Gut contents also include diatoms and algae as well as large quantities of sand. However, Gümüş et al. (2002) examined diet in the Suat Uğurlu Dam, Turkey and found Navicula, Cymbella and Synedra were the most frequently consumed organisms. This species feeds mostly on Bacillariophyta in this dam but also Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta, Xanthophyta, Euglenophyta and Rotifera. Diet varied with seasonable availability of food items.

Reproduction

Studies on the Diyala River population in Iraq found fish to be mature in December and by January females lacked eggs. Each female produces up to 6900 eggs and number of eggs increases linearly with length (Allouse et al. (1986). The breeding season at Al Kadhmia in the Tigris River near Baghdad was March-May (Daoud and Qasim, 1999). Ünlü (2006) reports up to 13,280 eggs for fish in the Tigris River of Turkey. Beckman (1962) states that this species probably spawns in May or June in Syria and Oymak (2000) found that condition factors were highest in April and May in the Atatürk Dam, Turkey.

Parasites and predators

Barzegar et al. (2004) examined this species for parasites in fish from the Beheshtabad river in Chahar Mahall va Bakhtiari Province and found Lernaea cyprinacea, Dactylogyrus ergensi, Ichthyophthirius multifilis and Myxobolus sp. Jalali et al. (2005) summarise the occurrence of Gyrodactylus species in Iran and record G. sp. from the Dez and Karun rivers in Chondrostoma nasus, presumably this species. Barzegar and Jalali (2006) report parasites in this species (as Chondrostoma orientalis) from Kaftar Lake as Unio sp., Lernaea cyprinacea, Ichthyophthirius multifilis and Diplostomum spathaceum.

Economic importance

This species has been caught and used for food in Khuzestan.

Conservation

This species is relatively common and is not widely used as food; it may not need conservation. However it is listed as endangered in Turkey (Fricke et al., 2007).

Further work

Its biology in Iran needs study and this may reveal conservation needs.

Sources

Type material: See above, Chondrostoma cyri orientalis (IZA 8170, IZA 7833, CMNFI 1982-0365, formerly IZA 7833).

Iranian material: CMNFI 1979-0025, 16, 22.1-119.0 mm standard length, Fars, Kor River at Marv Dasht (29º51'N, 52º46'30"E); CMNFI 1979-0028, 14, 32.2-139.1 mm standard length, Fars, Kor River drainage (no other locality data); CMNFI 1979-0059, 1, 72.2 mm standard length, Fars, Pulvar River (30º01'30"N, 52º57'E); CMNFI 1979-0061, 14, 9.5-56.5 mm standard length, Fars, stream tributary to Pulvar River (30º04'N, 53º01'E); CMNFI 1979-0245, 5, 35.3-47.1 mm standard length, Sharestan-e Bahktiari va Chahar Mahall, stream in Ab-e Shalamzar drainage (32º08'N, 50º51'E); CMNFI 1979-0247A, 4, 57.2-65.3 mm standard length, Sharestan-e Bakhtiari va Chahar Mahall (31º57'N, 51º01'E); CMNFI 1979-0248, 2, 39.2-65.2 mm standard length, Sharestan-e Bakhtiari va Chahar Mahall, stream 3 km east of Boldaji (31º55'N, 51º05'E); CMNFI 1979-0271, 11, 60.0-131.3 mm standard length, Lorestan, Kashkan River drainage (33º39'N, 48º32'30"E); CMNFI 1979-0272, 1, 58.5 mm standard length, Lorestan, river at Nokhor (ca. 33º40-47'N, ca. 48º28-45'E); CMNFI 1979-0279, 2, 61.8-134.0 mm standard length, Lorestan, Khorramabad River (33º37'N, 48º18'E); CMNFI 1979-0280, 1, 114.5 mm standard length, Lorestan, Kashkan River drainage (ca. 33º43-47'N, 48º12-15'E); CMNFI 1979-0283, 1, 137.0 mm standard length, Kermanshahan, river 15 km before Kermanshah (34º21'N, 47º07'E); CMNFI 1979-0287, 22, 56.6-112.5 mm standard length, Kermanshahan, Chashmeh Javari near Ravansar (ca. 34º42'N, ca. 46º40'E); CMNFI 1979-0286, 11, 77.4-100.4 mm standard length, Kermanshahan, Ravansar River at Ravansar (34º43'N, 46º40'E); CMNFI 1979-0289, 1, 131.5 mm standard length, Kermanshahan, Diyala River drainage (34º28'N, 45º52'E); CMNFI 1979-0368, 4, 54.0-84.5 mm standard length, Khuzestan, Karkheh River (32º24'30"N, 48º09'E); CMNFI 1979-0370, 6, 187.3-221.6 mm standard length, Khuzestan, Karkheh River (32º12'N, 48º14'30"E); CMNFI 1979-0382, 2, 37.7-62.5 mm standard length, Khuzestan, Karun River at Shushtar (32º03'N, 48º51'E); CMNFI 1979-0392, 1, 53.7 mm standard length, Khuzestan, Zard River (ca. 31º32'N, ca. 49º48'E); CMNFI 1979-0421, 5, 114.0-122.0 mm standard length, Boyer Ahmadi-ye Sardsir va Kohkiluyeh, stream in Khersan River drainage (30º24'N, 51º47'E); CMNFI 1979-0499, 1, 113.0 mm standard length, Fars, irrigation ditch 32 km from Kor River bridge (30º04'30"N, 52º36'E); CMNFI 1979-0500, 7, 94.8-110.5 mm standard length, Fars, Pulvar River at Naqsh-e Rostam (29º59'N, 52º54'E); CMNFI 2007-0100, 2, 165.4-165.7 mm standard length, Azarbayjan-e Bakhtari, Kalwi Chay near Piranshar (ca. 36º44'N, ca. 45º10'E); CMNFI 2007-0111, 2, 183.3-191.7 mm standard length, Kermanshahan, Alvand River near Sar-e Pol-e Zahab (ca. 34º36'N, ca. 45º56'E); CMNFI 2007-0113, 2, 106.7-145.0 mm standard length, Kermanshahan, Razavar River, Qareh Su tributary (ca. 34º25'N, ca. 47º01'E); CMNFI 2007-0115, 3, 72.5-96.5 mm standard length, Kermanshahan, Qareh Su basin north of Kermanshah (ca, 34º34'N, ca. 46º47'E).

Comparative material: BM(NH) 1931.8.12:1-3, 2, 136.0-172.2 mm standard length, Iraq, near Mosul (36º20'N, 43º08'E); BM(NH) 1971.4.2:6, 1, 147.7 mm standard length, Iraq, River Tigris near Mosul (36º20'N, 43º08'E); BM(NH) 1974.2.22:81-82, 1, 197.5 mm standard length, Iraq, Great Zab near Eski Kelek and near Bekhne Dam (no other locality data).

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